Regulation of gene expression is an essential topic introduced in undergraduate level genetics courses. However, understanding how environmental factors can directly lead to changes in gene expression can be challenging. In this inquiry-based laboratory exercise, a yeast LacZ reporter assay is used to demonstrate how environmental cues can regulate gene expression. The assay utilizes Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has been transformed to carry a plasmid with yeast variants of the AP-1 response elements in the promoter upstream of the LacZ gene. The expression of LacZ in these strains is induced by oxidative stress to activate the AP-1 transcription factors. Students then assess if dietary supplements, such as caffeine, modify or counteract these effects. This lab can be easily modified to test a range of variables, including the type, concentrations, and source of dietary supplement as well as varying effects from different yeast AP-1 homologs. Although developed for an introductory genetics course, the lab can be easily adapted for an upper level genetics course to provide additional opportunities for open-ended research and literature review.
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